Endocrine Abstracts

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and Furin were known to be key players for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thyroid gland was shown to be one of the relevant targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection allegedly due to the higher expression levels of these molecules in follicular cells. However, it remains to be fully determined the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin in normal follicular cell. In addition, the putative role of these molecules...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the pathological increase of lipid droplets, altered fat metabolism in hepatocytes and increased inflammation. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) modulates the inflammatory responses and its inhibitor can strongly reduce TNF-α release and inflammation. Additionally, PDE4 knockout mice were shown to be resistant to diet-induced obesity (DIO). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of pharmacological PDE4 inhi...

Introduction: The management of small size (≤ 1 cm) papillary thyroid carcinoma, also known as papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is a debated topic as it includes tumors with a wide range of biological characteristics and behavior.Objectives: To describe prevalence, clinical and histological characteristics of PTMC with excellent response to treatment after a median follow up of 9.85±6.21 years.Methods: We did a re...

Introduction: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer treatment, offering superior efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been associated with the occurrence of multiple endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs), such as primary hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, primary adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and hypophysitis. In certain instances, these irAEs may necessitate the discontinuati...

Introduction: Distinguishing between gestational diabetes and MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) during pregnancy is relevant for therapeutic approaches and potential maternal-fetal complications. However, performing genetic study for MODY in pregnant women is uncommon.Aim: To describe 2 cases in which the hypothesis of MODY was considered during pregnancy. Case 1: Woman, 35 years old, G1P0A1, BMI 25 kg/m2. At 5 weeks of gestation, sh...

Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is rare in the paediatric population when compared to adults. Paediatric patients often present with advanced disease at diagnosis, characterized by multifocal disease, heightened lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. Additionally, they face a higher risk of post-operative complications in comparison to adults. Despite that, paediatric DTC exhibits an excellent prognosis.Methods: A retrospective...

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that usually has a dismal prognosis. The concurrent hormonal excess of some of these tumours can have an additional negative impact on patients´ morbidity and mortality.Clinical Case: We present the case of a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with stage IV adrenocortical carcinoma, with liver and bone metastasis, and associated ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome and hyperandrogenism. The patie...

Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) originate from neuroendocrine islet cells and can therefore secrete several neuropeptides. Multiple and secondary hormone secretion have been described in a minority of cases, mostly with advanced disease, and it has been hypothesized that this complex secretion pattern can serve as a marker for tumor behavior.Case report: Male patient, 69 years old, diagnosed with a glucagonoma with pulmonary and he...

Introduction: Acromegaly is a progressive disorder caused by excess growth hormone (GH), usually due to a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, associated with an increased risk of cancer-related mortality. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been involved in tumor development by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, has been suggested to have a potential link to IGF-1 in its pathogenesis.Cas...

Introduction: Recent studies have revealed that thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid cancer may coexist, although a pathogenic relationship has not been clearly established. Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is considered the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and represents the eighth most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Although in patients with GD, the presence of thyroid nodules is...